Help:Cite errors/Cite error included ref

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This page will help you to fix the error message:

A set of <ref> tags are missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).

  • If you need help with a particular problem, please discuss it on the article talk page.
  • If you have read this help page and find something missing or confusing, please discuss it at the main talk page.
  • Please reference this page and the page where you have the problem so we can understand your issues.

The last reference on a page will not show this error and will "eat" the following content.

Overview[edit]

References are defined within <ref>...</ref> tags.

Issues and resolution[edit]

The closing </ref> tag is missing or malformed. Ensure that you are either using a closed pair of tags such as <ref>content</ref>. Extra spaces may also cause this, for example < /ref> or <ref name=foo / >.


This error will also show if <ref>...</ref> tags or a named reference are nested inside another set of <ref>...</ref> tags. <ref>...</ref> tags cannot be nested.


When referring to an already named reference, ensure that the ref tag is in the following format (note the final slash):

<ref name="reference name" />

Technical[edit]

Pages with this error message are placed into Pages with incorrect ref formatting. The system message page is at Cite error included ref.