Template:Cite web

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Citation Style 1 templates

{{Cite arXiv}}	arXiv preprints
{{Cite AV media}}	audio and visual
{{Cite AV media notes}}	audio and visual liner notes
{{Cite bioRxiv}}	bioRxiv preprints
{{Cite book}}	books
{{Cite conference}}	conference papers
{{Cite encyclopedia}}	edited collections
{{Cite episode}}	radio or television episodes
{{Cite interview}}	interviews
{{Cite journal}}	academic journals and papers
{{Cite magazine}}	magazines, periodicals
{{Cite mailing list}}	public mailing lists
{{Cite map}}	maps
{{Cite news}}	news articles
{{Cite newsgroup}}	online newsgroups
{{Cite podcast}}	podcasts
{{Cite press release}}	press releases
{{Cite report}}	reports
{{Cite serial}}	audio or video serials
{{Cite sign}}	signs, plaques
{{Cite speech}}	speeches
{{Cite ssrn}}	articles with SSRN identifiers
{{Cite techreport}}	technical reports
{{Cite thesis}}	theses
{{Cite web}}	web sources not covered by the above
See also:
Meta-templates Specific-source templates Wrapper templates

This Citation Style 1 template is used to create citations for web sources that are not characterized by another CS1 template.

Usage

Copy a blank version to use. All parameter names must be in lowercase. Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Delete unused parameters to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples may include the current date. If the date is not current, then the page.

Most commonly used parameters in horizontal format

For references with author credit {{cite web |url= |title= |last= |first= |date= |website= |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}} For references without author credit {{cite web |url= |title= |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}

Most commonly used parameters in vertical format

{{cite web |url= |title= |last= |first= |date= |website= |publisher= |access-date= |quote= }}

Full parameter set in horizontal format

{{cite web |url= |title= |last= |first= |author= |author-link= |last2= |first2= |author2= |author-link2= |date= |year= |editor-last= |editor-first= |editor= |editor-link= |editor2-last= |editor2-first= |editor2-link= |editors= |department= |website= |series= |publisher= |location= |page= |pages= |at= |language= |script-title= |trans-title= |type= |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doi-broken-date= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |archive-url= |archive-date= |dead-url= |access-date= |quote= |ref= |postscript= |subscription= |registration=}}

Full parameter set in vertical format

Vertical list	Prerequisites	Brief instructions / notes
{{cite web |url= |title= |last= |first= |author-link= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |date= |year= |editor-last= |editor-first= |editor-link= |editor2-last= |editor2-first= |editor2-link= |department= |website= |series= |publisher= |location= |page= |pages= |at= |language= |script-title= |trans-title= |type= |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doi-broken-date= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |archive-url= |archive-date= |dead-url= |access-date= |quote= |ref= |postscript= |subscription= |registration= }}	last   last last2         editor-last   editor-last editor2-last                                                                     url, archive-date archive-url url url	required required

• If a field name is listed in the Prerequisites column it is a prerequisite for the field to the left.

Choosing between {{Cite web}} and {{Cite news}}

{{Cite web}} and {{Cite news}} have the following differences:

• {{Cite news}} can be used for offline (paper) sources whereas {{Cite web}} generates a missing URL error when no URL is provided
• {{Cite news}} accepts |issue= and |volume= parameters while {{Cite web}} does not

But given the same set of valid parameters, their output is exactly the same:

Cite web:	Silverman, Dwight (July 15, 2011). "Microsoft envisions a universal OS, but it might not be called Windows". Houston Chronicle. Hearst Corporation. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
Cite news:	Silverman, Dwight (July 15, 2011). "Microsoft envisions a universal OS, but it might not be called Windows". Houston Chronicle. Hearst Corporation. Retrieved May 26, 2015.

Examples

• {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |publisher=Open Publishing |date=April 30, 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=April 23, 2024}}

Doe, John (April 30, 2005). "My Favorite Things, Part II". Encyclopedia of Things. Open Publishing. Retrieved April 23, 2024.

• {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |date=30 April 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=23 April 2024}}

Doe, John (30 April 2005). "My Favorite Things, Part II". Encyclopedia of Things. Retrieved 23 April 2024.

• {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |date=2005-04-30 |access-date=2024-04-23}}

Doe, John (2005-04-30). "My Favorite Things, Part II". Retrieved 2024-04-23.

• {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |access-date=23 April 2024}}

Doe, John. "My Favorite Things, Part II". Retrieved 23 April 2024.

• {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |access-date=2024-04-23}}

"My Favorite Things, Part II". Retrieved 2024-04-23.

• {{cite web |url=http://www.nfl.com/rulebook/digestofrules |title=Digest of Rules |publisher=National Football League |access-date=April 23, 2024}}

"Digest of Rules". National Football League. Retrieved April 23, 2024.

Using format

• {{cite web |url=http://www.indiapost.gov.in/Pdf/Customs/List_of_Psychotropic_Substances.pdf |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |publisher=International Narcotics Control Board |format=PDF |access-date=23 April 2024}}

"List of psychotropic substances under international control" (PDF). International Narcotics Control Board. Retrieved 23 April 2024.

Foreign language and translated title

• {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Honi soit qui mal y pense |last=Joliet |first=François |date=30 April 2005 |access-date=23 April 2024 |language=French |trans-title=Shame on those who think evil of it}}

Joliet, François (30 April 2005). "Honi soit qui mal y pense" [Shame on those who think evil of it] (in French). Retrieved 23 April 2024.

Using author-link

• {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |author-link=John Doe |publisher=Open Publishing |date=April 30, 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=April 23, 2024}}

Doe, John (April 30, 2005). "My Favorite Things, Part II". Encyclopedia of Things. Open Publishing. Retrieved April 23, 2024.

• {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Our Favourite Things |last1=Doe |first1=John |last2=Smith |first2=Peter |last3=Smythe |first3=Jim |publisher=Open Publishing |date=30 April 2005 |website=Encyclopaedia of Things |access-date=23 April 2024}}

Doe, John; Smith, Peter; Smythe, Jim (30 April 2005). "Our Favourite Things". Encyclopaedia of Things. Open Publishing. Retrieved 23 April 2024.

• {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |publisher=Open Publishing |date=2005-04-30 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=2024-04-23}}

"Index of Sharp Things". Encyclopedia of Things. Open Publishing. 2005-04-30. Retrieved 2024-04-23.

• {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |date=30 April 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=23 April 2024}}

"Index of Sharp Things". Encyclopedia of Things. 30 April 2005. Retrieved 23 April 2024.

• {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |date=April 30, 2005 |access-date=April 23, 2024}}

"Index of Sharp Things". April 30, 2005. Retrieved April 23, 2024.

• {{cite web |url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |date=2005-04-30 |format=PDF |access-date=2024-04-23 |language=Greek}}

"List of psychotropic substances under international control" (PDF) (in Greek). 2005-04-30. Retrieved 2024-04-23.

Using "archive-url" and "archive-date" (and optionally "dead-url") for webpages that have been archived

• {{cite web |url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |date=2005-04-30 |format=PDF |access-date=2024-04-23 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20050907150136/http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |archive-date=2005-09-07}}

"List of psychotropic substances under international control" (PDF). 2005-04-30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-09-07. Retrieved 2024-04-23.

• {{cite web |url=http://joanjettbadrep.com/cgi-bin/fullStory.cgi?archive=currnews&story=20060405-01shore.htm |title=Interview with Maggie Downs |date=March 31, 2006 |publisher=The Desert Sun |archive-url=http://72.14.207.104/search?q=cache:JAxf4v-pQmgJ:joanjettbadrep.com/cgi-bin/fullStory.cgi%3Farchive%3Dcurrnews%26story%3D20060405-01shore.htm |archive-date=April 26, 2006 |dead-url=no}}

"Interview with Maggie Downs". The Desert Sun. March 31, 2006. Archived from the original on April 26, 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

• {{Cite web |url=http://www.wunderground.com/global/stations/03772.html |title=London, United Kingdom Forecast : Weather Underground (weather and elevation at Heathrow Airport) |publisher=The Weather Underground |access-date=23 April 2024 | archive-url=http://www.webcitation.org/5yo0HaAk7 |archive-date=19 May 2011 |dead-url=no}}

"London, United Kingdom Forecast : Weather Underground (weather and elevation at Heathrow Airport)". The Weather Underground. Archived from the original on 19 May 2011. Retrieved 23 April 2024. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

Using quote

• {{cite web |url=http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/c.html |title=Daylight saving time: rationale and original idea |website=WebExhibits |year=2008 |access-date=23 April 2024 |quote=... Lord Balfour came forward with a unique concern: 'Supposing some unfortunate lady was confined with twins ...'}}

"Daylight saving time: rationale and original idea". WebExhibits. 2008. Retrieved 23 April 2024. ... Lord Balfour came forward with a unique concern: 'Supposing some unfortunate lady was confined with twins ...'

Parameters

Syntax

Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:

• parent
• OR: parent2—may be used instead of parent
  • child—may be used with parent (and is ignored if parent is not used)
  • OR: child2—may be used instead of child (and is ignored if parent2 is not used)

Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.

By default, sets of fields are terminated with a period (.). This can be an issue when the last field uses an abbreviation or initial that ends with a period, as then two periods will display (..). The only solution is to not include the last period in the value for the set of fields.

COinS

This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:

• Use |date=27 September 2007 not |date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)

Use of templates within the citation template, is generally discouraged as many of these templates will add a lot of extraneous HTML or CSS that will be rendered in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example  , –, etc, should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata.

COinS metadata is created for these parameters:

• |periodical=, |journal=, |newspaper=, |magazine=, |work=, |website=, |encyclopedia=, |encyclopaedia=, |dictionary=
• |chapter=, |contribution=, |entry=, |article=, |section=
• |title=
• |publicationplace=, |publication-place=
• |date=, |year=, |publicationdate=, |publication-date=
• |series=
• |volume=
• |issue=, |number=
• |page=, |pages=, |at=
• |edition=
• |publisher=, |distributor=, |institution=
• |url=
• |chapterurl=, |chapter-url=, |contributionurl=, |contribution-url=, |sectionurl=
• |author#=, |Author#=, |authors#=, |author#-last=, |author-last#=, |last#=, |surname#=
• any of the identifiers (|isbn=, |issn=, |doi=, |pmc=, etc)

Deprecated

None of the cs1|2 parameters is deprecated.

Description

Authors

• last: Surname of a single author. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, use last or one of its aliases (e.g. |author=Bono). Aliases: surname, author, last1, surname1, author1.
  • author: this parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single author (first and last) or to hold the name of a corporate author. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author.
  • first: Given or first names of author; for example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. Aliases: given, first1, given1. Requires last; first name will not display if last is empty.
  • OR: for multiple authors, use last1, first1 through lastn, firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (each firstn requires a corresponding lastn, but not the other way around). See the display parameters to change how many authors are displayed. Aliases: surname1, given1 through surnamen, givenn, or author1 through authorn. For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use |first1=...|last1=...|author2=....
  • author-link: Title of existing Festipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: author-link1, authorlink, authorlink1, author1-link, author1link.
  • OR: for multiple authors, use author-link1 through author-linkn. Aliases: authorlink1 through authorlinkn, or author1-link through authorn-link, or author1link through authornlink.
  • name-list-format: displays authors and editors in Vancouver style when set to vanc and when the list uses last/first parameters for the name list(s).
• vauthors: comma-separated list of author names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses:

  |vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.))

  • author-link and author-mask may be used for the individual names in |vauthors= as described above
• authors: Free-form list of author names; use of this parameter is discouraged because it does not contribute to a citation's metadata; not an alias of last.
• translator-last: Surname of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-surname, translator1, translator1-last, translator-last1.
  • translator-first: Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-given, translator1-first, translator-first1.
  • OR: for multiple translators, use translator-last1, translator-first1 through translator-lastn, translator-firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (each translator-firstn requires a corresponding translator-lastn, but not the other way around). Aliases: translator1-last, translator1-first through translatorn-last, translatorn-first, or translator1 through translatorn.
  • translator-link: Title of existing Festipedia article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: translator-link1, translator1-link.
  • OR: for multiple translators, use translator-link1 through translator-linkn. Aliases: translator1-link through translatorn-link.
• collaboration: Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires author, last, or vauthors listing one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends "et al." to author name-list.
• others: To record other contributors to the work, including illustrators. For the parameter value, write Illustrated by John Smith.

Title

• title: Title of source page on website. Displays in quotes.

Titles containing certain characters will display and link incorrectly unless those characters are encoded.

newline	[	]	|
space	[	]	|

• trans_title: If the source cited is in a foreign language, an English translation of the title can be given here. The template will display this in square brackets after the work field and it will link to the url field, if used. Use of the language parameter is recommended.

This parameter is required and will generate an error if not defined. On errors, main, help and template pages are placed into Category:Articles with incorrect citation syntax. Set |template doc demo=true to disable categorization; mainly used for documentation where the error is demonstrated.

• website: Title of website; may be wikilinked. Displays in italics. Aliases: work

• type: Provides additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case. Displays in parentheses following the title. Examples: Thesis, Booklet, CD liner, Press release.

• language: The language in which the source is written. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. Use the full language name or the proper language code. When the source uses more than one language, list them individually, separated by commas, e.g. |language=French, German. Note: When the language is "English" (or "en"), no language is displayed in the citation. Note: When two or more languages are listed there is no need to include "and" before the last language. "and" is inserted automatically by the template. Aliases: lang

Date

• date: Date of source being referenced. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations. Required when year is used to disambiguate {{sfn}} links to multiple-work citations by the same author in the same year.^[more] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after publisher.

For approximate year, precede with "c. ", like this: |date=c. 1900.

For no date, or "undated", add as |date=n.d.

• year: Year of source being referenced. Use of |date= is recommended unless all of the following conditions are met:
  1. The template uses |ref=harv, or the template is {{citation}}, or |mode=cs2
  2. The |date= format is YYYY-MM-DD.
  3. The citation requires a CITEREF disambiguator.
• orig-year: Original publication year; displays after the date or year. For clarity, please supply specifics. For example: |orig-year=First published 1859 or |orig-year=Composed 1904. Alias: origyear
• df: date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates. Accepts one value which may be one of these:

  dmy – set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;

  mdy – as above for month day, year format

  ymd – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD

  dmy-all – set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;

  mdy-all – as above for month day, year format

  ymd-all – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD

Publisher

• publisher: Name of publisher; may be wikilinked if relevant. The publisher is the company that publishes the work being cited. Do not use the publisher parameter for the name of a work (e.g., a book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, website). Not normally used for periodicals. Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc" or "GmbH" are not usually included. Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishes The New York Times newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays after title.
• place: Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the location; examples: The Boston Globe, The Times of India. Displays after the title; if work is defined, then location is enclosed in parentheses. Alias: location
• publication-place: If any one of publication-place, place or location are defined, then the location shows after the title; if publication-place and place or location are defined, then place or location are shown before the title prefixed with "written at" and publication-place is shown after the title.
• publication-date: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Displays only if year or date are defined and only if different, else publication-date is used and displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. Follows publisher; if work is not defined, then publication-date is preceded by "published" and enclosed in parenthesis.
• via: Name of the content deliverer (if different from publisher) that presents the source in a format other than the original (e.g. NewsBank); or when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer; or where no URL or DOI is available (EBSCO); or if the deliverer requests attribution. |via= permits adding a level of detail to "say where you found it" within the syntax of the citation template. |via= is not intended to replace |publisher=. See also |registration= and |subscription=.

• agency: The news agency (wire service) that provided the content; examples: Associated Press, Reuters. May be wikilinked if relevant.

Series

• series or version: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal where the issue numbering has restarted.

In-source locations

• page: The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Displays preceded by p. unless |nopp=y.
• OR: pages: A range of pages in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded by pp. unless |nopp=y.
  • nopp: Set to y to suppress the p. or pp. notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where |page=Front cover.
• OR: at: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by |page= or |pages=. Use only one of |page=, |pages=, or |at=.

Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse.

URL

• url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication can be found. Cannot be used if title is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove spurious tracking parameters from URLs, e.g. #ixzz2rBr3aO94 or ?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=.... Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon.com.
  • access-date: Full date when original URL was accessed; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations; requires url. Do not wikilink. Not required for web pages or linked documents that do not change; mainly for use of web pages that change frequently or have no publication date. Can be hidden or styled by registered editors.
  • archive-url: The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the url becomes unavailable. Typically used to refer to services like WebCite and Internet Archive; requires archive-date and url.
    • archive-date: Date when the original URL was archived; preceded by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates. Do not wikilink.
    • deadurl: When the URL is still live, but pre-emptively archived, then set |deadurl=no. This changes the display order with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end.
  • template doc demo: The archive parameters will be error checked to ensure that all the required parameters are included, or else {{citation error}} is invoked. With errors, main, help and template pages are placed into Category:Articles with incorrect citation syntax. Set |template doc demo=true to disable categorization; mainly used for documentation where the error is demonstrated.
• format: Format of the work referred to by url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after title. HTML is implied and should not be specified. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add format information for the visually impaired.

URLs must begin with a supported URI scheme. http:// and https:// will be supported by all browsers; however, ftp://, gopher://, irc://, ircs://, mailto: and news: will require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided. IPv6 host-names are currently not supported.

If URLs in citation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be percent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by %20. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:

sp	"	'	<	>	[	]	{	|	}
%20	%22	%27	%3c	%3e	%5b	%5d	%7b	%7c	%7d

Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.

Anchor

• ref: ID for anchor. By default, no anchor is generated. The ordinary nonempty value |ref=ID generates an anchor with the given ID; such a linkable reference can be made the target of wikilinks to full references, especially useful in short citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing.

Identifiers

• id: A unique identifier, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use a template as applicable.

These identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. rfc=822 or pmc=345678.

• arxiv: arXiv identifier; for example: arxiv=hep-th/9205027 (before April 2007) or arxiv=0706.0001 (since April 2007)
• asin: Amazon Standard Identification Number
  • asin-tld: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values: ca, cn, co.jp, co.uk, de, es, fr, it
• bibcode: Bibcode; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example: 1974AJ.....79..819H
• doi: Digital object identifier; for example: 10.1038/news070508-7. It is checked to ensure it begins with (10.).
  • doi_brokendate: Date the DOI is broken; use the same format as other dates in the article.
• isbn: International Standard Book Number; for example: 978-0-8126-9593-9. Dashes in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10 digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back to the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9 digit SBN system, prefix the number with a zero; thus, SBN 902888-45-5 should be entered as |isbn=0-902888-45-5. Do not convert a 10 digit ISBN to 13 digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than [0123456789 -] with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10 digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Alias: ISBN
• issn: International Standard Serial Number; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space.
• jfm: Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik
• jstor: JSTOR abstract; for example: "jstor=3793107" will generate JSTOR 3793107.
• lccn: Library of Congress Control Number. A certain amount of reformatting may be necessary, such as the use of one or more zeroes instead of a hyphen; for example, if the book shows "Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 89-61500", this would be entered as |lccn=89061500. Help with formatting may be found at LCCN (Library of Congress Control Number) and How does LCCN Permalink normalize LCCNs?
• mr: Mathematical Reviews
• oclc: OCLC
• ol: Open Library
• osti: Office of Scientific and Technical Information
• pmc: PubMed Central; use article number for full-text free repository of a journal article. E.g. pmc=345678
• pmid: PubMed; use unique identifier.
• rfc: Request for Comments
• ssrn: Social Science Research Network
• zbl: Zentralblatt MATH

Quote

• quote: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote needs to include terminating punctuation.

Editors

• editor-last: Surname of editor. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply use editor-last to include the same format as the source. Aliases: editor1-last, editor, editors.
  • editor-first: Given or first names of editor, including title(s); example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Aliases: editor1-first.
  • OR: for multiple editors, use editor1-last, editor1-first through editor4-last, editor4-first for up to four editors.

• editor-link: Title of existing Festipedia article about the editor—not the editor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: editor1-link.
• OR: for multiple editors, use editor1-link through editor4-link.

Display:

If authors: Authors are first, followed by the editors and the included work, then the main work.

If no authors: Editors appear before the included work; a single editor is followed by "ed."; multiple editors are followed by "eds."; more than three editors will be followed by "et al., eds."

Laysummary

• laysummary: URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; the URL title is set to "Lay summary".
  • laysource: Name of the source of the laysummary. Displays in italics and preceded by an endash.
  • laydate: Date of the summary. Displays in parentheses.

Display options

• author-mask: Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text. Set author-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set author-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". You must still include the values for all authors for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as shortened footnotes. Do not use in a list generated by {{reflist}}, <references /> or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed.
• author-name-separator: Controls the separator between last and first names; defaults to a comma and space (, ); if the parameter is present, but blank, no separator punctuation will be used; a space must be encoded as   do not use an asterisk (*), colon (:) or hash (#) as they will be interpreted as wikimarkup.
• author-separator: Controls the separator between authors; defaults to a semicolon and space (; ); if the parameter is present, but blank, no separator punctuation will be used; a space must be encoded as   do not use an asterisk (*), colon (:) or hash (#) as they will be interpreted as wikimarkup.
• display-authors: Controls the number of author names that are displayed when a citation is published. To control the displayed number of author names, set display-authors to the desired number. For example, |display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation. By default, the only the first eight cited authors are displayed; subsequent authors beyond eight are represented in the published citation by "et al." If a citation contains nine author names and one wishes all nine author names to display, "et al." may be suppressed by setting |display-authors=9. Aliases: displayauthors.

• lastauthoramp: Switches the separator between the last two names of the author list to space ampersand space ( & ) when set to any value. Example: |lastauthoramp=yes
• postscript: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (.); if the parameter is present, but blank, no terminating punctuation will be used. Ignored if quote is defined.
• separator: Controls the punctuation used to separate lists of authors, editors, etc. Defaults to a period (.); if the parameter is present, but blank, no separator punctuation will be used; a space must be encoded as   do not use an asterisk (*), colon (:) or hash (#) as they will be interpreted as wikimarkup.

Subscription or registration required

These parameters add a link note to the end of the citation:

• registration: For online sources that require registration, set |registration=yes; superseded by subscription if both are set.
• subscription: For online sources that require a subscription, set |subscription=yes; supersedes registration if both are set.

TemplateData

This is the TemplateData documentation for this template used by VisualEditor and other tools.

Cite web

Formats a citation to a website using the provided information such as URL and title. Used only for sources that are not correctly described by the specific citation templates for books, journals, news sources, etc.

Template parameters[Manage TemplateData]

This template prefers inline formatting of parameters.

Parameter		Description	Type	Status
URL	url URL	The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type "http://..." or maybe even the  protocol relative scheme "//..." Example https://www.metacritic.com//...	String	required
Title	title	The title of the source page on the website; will display with quotation marks added. Usually found at the top of you web browser. Not the name of the website.	String	required
Last name	last last1 author author1 author1-last author-last surname1 author-last1 subject1 surname author-last subject	The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors	Line	suggested
First name	first given author-first first1 given1 author-first1 author1-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors	Line	suggested
Author link	authorlink author-link subjectlink subject-link authorlink1 author-link1 author1-link subjectlink1 author1link subject-link1 subject1-link subject1link	Title of existing Festipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors	Page name	optional
Authors list	authors people host credits	List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, "lastn" to "firstn" are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used.	String	optional
Last name 2	last2 author2	The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink2'.	Line	optional
First name 2	first2	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink.	Line	optional
Author link 2	authorlink2 author2-link	Title of existing Festipedia article about the second author.	Page name	optional
Source date	date	Full date when the source was published; if unknown, use access-date instead; do not wikilink	Date	suggested
Year of publication	year	Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known	String	optional
Editor last name	editor-last editor1-last editor editors	The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors.	Line	optional
Editor first name	editor-first editor1-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-first'	Line	optional
Editor link	editor-link editor1-link	Title of existing Festipedia article about the editor; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors	Page name	optional
Editor last name 2	editor2-last editor2	The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'.	Line	optional
Editor first name 2	editor2-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink.	Line	optional
Editor link 2	editor2-link editor2link editorlink2	Title of existing Festipedia article about the second editor.	Page name	optional
Website	website work	Name of the website; may be wikilinked; will display in italics. Having both 'Publisher' and 'Website' is redundant in most cases Example Rotten Tomatoes	String	suggested
Series identifier	series	Series identifier when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal	String	optional
Publisher	publisher	Name of the publisher; may be wikilinked. Having both 'Publisher' and 'Website' is redundant in most cases. Example "CBS Interactive" which owns "Metacritic.com"	String	optional
Location of publication	location	Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place; alias of 'place'	String	optional
Page	page	Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'	String	optional
Pages	pages	Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.'	String	optional
At	at	May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient	String	optional
Language	language	The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates	String	optional
Script title	script-title	For titles in languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc). Prefix with two-character ISO639-1 language code followed by a colon. For Japanese use: |script-title=ja:...	String	optional
Translated title	trans-title trans_title	An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended	String	optional
Type	type	Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case	String	optional
Format	format	Format of the work referred to by 'url'; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML	String	optional
Others	others	Used to record other (non-author) contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith'. Only one ''others'' parameter is allowed: e.g., 'Illustrated by Jane Doe; Translated by John Smith'	String	optional
Original year	orig-year origyear	Original year of publication; provide specifics	String	optional
Place of publication	publication-place	Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at'	String	optional
Publication date	publication-date	Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink	String	optional
No pp	nopp	Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover')	String	optional
arXiv identifier	arxiv	An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers	String	optional
ASIN	asin	Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters	String	optional
ASIN TLD	asin-tld	ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US	String	optional
Bibcode	bibcode	Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters	String	optional
biorXiv	biorxiv	biorXiv identifier; 6 digits	Line	optional
CiteSeerX	citeseerx	CiteSeerX identifier; found after the 'doi=' query parameter	Line	optional
DOI	doi	Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'	String	optional
DOI broken date	doi-broken-date	The date that the DOI was determined to be broken	String	optional
ISBN	isbn	International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible	String	optional
ISSN	issn	International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen	String	optional
jfm code	jfm	Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code	String	optional
JSTOR	jstor	JSTOR identifier	String	optional
LCCN	lccn	Library of Congress Control Number	String	optional
MR	mr	Mathematical Reviews identifier	String	optional
OCLC	oclc	Online Computer Library Center number	String	optional
OL	ol	Open Library identifier	String	optional
OSTI	osti	Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier	String	optional
PMC	pmc	PubMed Center article number	String	optional
PMID	pmid	PubMed Unique Identifier	String	optional
RFC	rfc	Request for Comments number	String	optional
SSRN	ssrn	Social Science Research Network	String	optional
Zbl	zbl	Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier	String	optional
id	id	A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable	String	optional
URL access level	url-access	Classification of the access restrictions on the URL ('registration', 'subscription' or 'limited')	String	optional
Archive URL	archive-url archiveurl	The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archive-date'	String	suggested
Archive date	archive-date archivedate	Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink	String	suggested
Dead URL	dead-url deadurl	If set to 'no', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live	String	suggested
URL access date	access-date accessdate	The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink	Date	suggested
Quote	quote	Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; must include terminating punctuation	String	optional
Ref	ref	An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv template	String	optional
Postscript	postscript	The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined Default .	String	optional
Subscription required	subscription	When set to yes, displays “(subscription required)” to indicate an online source that requires subscription	String	optional
Registration required	registration	When set to yes, displays “(registration required)” to indicate an online source that requires registration	String	optional
Separator	separator	The punctuation used to separate lists of authors, editors, etc.; a space must be encoded as   do not use an asterisk, colon, or hash mark Default .	String	optional
Lay URL	layurl	URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; alias of 'laysummary'	String	optional
Lay source	laysource	Name of the source of the laysummary; displays in italics, preceded by an en dash	String	optional
Lay date	laydate	Date of the summary; displays in parentheses	String	optional
Author mask	author-mask	Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead	String	optional
Last name 3	last3 author3	The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink3'.	Line	optional
First name 3	first3	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink.	Line	optional
Author link 3	authorlink3 author3-link	Title of existing Festipedia article about the third author.	Page name	optional
Last name 4	last4 author4	The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink4'.	Line	optional
First name 4	first4	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink.	Line	optional
Author link 4	authorlink4 author4-link	Title of existing Festipedia article about the fourth author.	Page name	optional
Last name 5	last5 author5	The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink5'.	Line	optional
First name 5	first5	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink.	Line	optional
Author link 5	authorlink5 author5-link	Title of existing Festipedia article about the fifth author.	Page name	optional
Last name 6	last6 author6	The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink6'.	Line	optional
First name 6	first6 author6-link	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink.	Line	optional
Author link 6	authorlink6	Title of existing Festipedia article about the sixth author.	Page name	optional
Last name 7	last7 author7	The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink7'.	Line	optional
First name 7	first7	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink.	Line	optional
Author link 7	authorlink7 author7-link	Title of existing Festipedia article about the seventh author.	Page name	optional
Last name 8	last8 author8	The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink8'.	Line	optional
First name 8	first8	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink.	Line	optional
Author link 8	authorlink8 author8-link	Title of existing Festipedia article about the eighth author.	Page name	optional
Last name 9	last9 author9	The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author.	Line	optional
First name 9	first9	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink.	Line	optional
Author link 9	authorlink9 author9-link	Title of existing Festipedia article about the ninth author.	Page name	optional
Author name separator	author-name-separator	Changes the separator between last and first names; defaults to a comma and space; a space must be encoded as   do not use an asterisk, colon, or hash mark Default ,	String	optional
Author separator	author-separator	Changes the separator between authors; defaults to a semicolon and space; a space must be encoded as   do not use an asterisk, colon, or hash mark Default ;	String	optional
Display authors	display-authors displayauthors	Number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used; default is to do so after 8 of 9 are listed. Default 8	Number	optional
Last author ampersand	lastauthoramp	When set to any value, changes the separator between the last two names of the author list to 'space ampersand space'	String	optional
Editor last name 3	editor3-last editor3	The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'.	Line	optional
Editor first name 3	editor3-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink.	Line	optional
Editor link 3	editor3-link editor3link editorlink3	Title of existing Festipedia article about the third editor.	Page name	optional
Editor last name 4	editor4-last editor4	The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'.	Line	optional
Editor first name 4	editor4-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink.	Line	optional
Editor link 4	editor4-link editor4link editorlink4	Title of existing Festipedia article about the fourth editor.	Page name	optional
Editor last name 5	editor5-last editor5	The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'.	Line	optional
Editor first name 5	editor5-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink.	Line	optional
Editor link 5	editor5-link editor5link editorlink5	Title of existing Festipedia article about the fifth editor.	Page name	optional
Editor last name 6	editor6-last editor6	The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'.	Line	optional
Editor first name 6	editor6-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink.	Line	optional
Editor link 6	editor6-link editor6link editorlink6	Title of existing Festipedia article about the sixth editor.	Page name	optional
Editor last name 7	editor7-last editor7	The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'.	Line	optional
Editor first name 7	editor7-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink.	Line	optional
Editor link 7	editor7-link editor7link editorlink7	Title of existing Festipedia article about the seventh editor.	Page name	optional
Editor last name 8	editor8-last editor8	The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'.	Line	optional
Editor first name 8	editor8-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink.	Line	optional
Editor link 8	editor8-link editor8link editorlink8	Title of existing Festipedia article about the eighth editor.	Page name	optional
Editor last name 9	editor9-last editor9	The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'.	Line	optional
Editor first name 9	editor9-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink.	Line	optional
Editor link 9	editor9-link editor9link editorlink9	Title of existing Festipedia article about the ninth editor.	Page name	optional
Edition	edition	Specify the edition or revision of the source, when applicable. For example: '2nd' or '5.1'. What you supply here is suffixed by ' ed.'	String	optional
Bibcode access level	bibcode-access	If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'.	String	optional
DOI access level	doi-access	If the full text is free to read via the DOI, type 'free'.	String	optional
HDL access level	hdl-access	If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'.	String	optional
Jstor access level	jstor-access	If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'.	String	optional
OpenLibrary access level	ol-access	If the full text is free to read on OpenLibrary, type 'free'.	String	optional
OSTI access level	osti-access	If the full text is free to read on OSTI, type 'free'.	String	optional

See also

The above documentation is transcluded from Template:Cite web/doc. (edit | history)
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